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Exploring the Outer Edges of Sound Online since 1998 | Updated 6/12/2026
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Poppy Ackroyd's Liminal is a work of restraint, intimacy, and remarkable focus, one that demonstrates how much emotional depth can be uncovered when an artist deliberately narrows the palette and concentrates on the essentials. Poppy's album arrives quietly, asking the listener to lean closer.
Throughout her career, Ackroyd has occupied a distinctive space within contemporary classical and ambient-adjacent music. Her compositions often emerge from the physical character of instruments themselves, drawing attention not only to notes and melodies but to the mechanics of sound production. On Liminal, she returns to perhaps the most fundamental elements of her musical identity: piano and violin. The result is an album that feels both familiar and newly liberated, reconnecting with earlier aspects of her work while displaying a confidence that only years of artistic growth can provide.
The title proves especially fitting. A liminal space is a threshold, a place between one state and another, and that sense of transition permeates the album from beginning to end. The eight compositions seem less concerned with arrival than with movement itself. They inhabit the emotional territory between certainty and doubt, grief and renewal, stillness and motion. Rather than telling a linear story, the music creates an environment in which these opposing forces coexist.
For nearly fifty years, the exploration of sound in space has been one of the central concerns of my work as a composer. While listeners often think of music primarily in terms of melody, harmony, rhythm, or timbre, I have long regarded space itself as a compositional material. The placement of sound, its perceived distance, its movement, its relationship to an acoustic environment, and its ability to create a sense of immersion are every bit as important as pitch or texture. This is especially true in ambient music, where the experience of inhabiting a sonic world frequently takes precedence over traditional musical narrative.
My involvement with sound spatialization began in 1976 when I first started working with four-channel tape recorders. These early experiments were modest by contemporary standards. Most involved fixed-channel arrangements and simple amplitude panning between adjacent speakers. Occasionally, when a quadraphonic panner was available, sounds could be distributed more freely among all four channels. Even with these limited means, I became fascinated by the possibility that music might exist not simply as an object projected toward a listener but as an environment within which a listener might dwell.
A significant transformation occurred in 1981 when I became involved with the Center for Music Experiment (CME) and the Computer Audio Research Laboratory (CARL) at the University of California, San Diego. At that time, CME and CARL represented one of the most advanced centers for computer music research in the world. Eventually I joined the staff as a research assistant, and it was there that I first engaged deeply with sophisticated approaches to sound spatialization.
Harold Budd: Finding the Center in a World of Noise
Harold Budd never seemed interested in overwhelming the listener. At a time when much of contemporary music was becoming louder, denser, faster, and increasingly theoretical, Budd moved in the opposite direction. He built his art from silence, resonance, memory, and space. A single piano chord suspended in open air could carry more emotional weight than an entire wall of sound. What emerged from that philosophy would help shape the emotional architecture of ambient music
for decades to come.
Although his name is frequently associated with the ambient movement pioneered by Brian Eno, Harold Budd’s music occupied a world entirely its own. Drawing equally from the vast stillness of the Mojave Desert, the rigor of avant-garde composition, and an unapologetic devotion to beauty, Budd created recordings that felt less like performances than environments to inhabit. His work invited listeners not merely to hear music, but to slow down enough to exist inside it.
That approach stood in sharp contrast to the prevailing climate of academic composition during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Having spent years immersed in the intellectual structures of modern classical music, Budd eventually reached a breaking point, famously describing his artistic journey as an effort to “reduce my language to zero.” Rather than rebuild through greater complexity, he chose simplicity, atmosphere, and emotional openness. In doing so, he quietly challenged
many of the assumptions that governed serious contemporary music.
The recordings that followed — from The Pavilion of Dreams to The Plateaux of Mirror and The Pearl — became foundational works in the evolution of ambient and atmospheric music. Yet Harold Budd’s lasting contribution extends beyond genre. His music remains a reminder that stillness can be powerful, gentleness can be radical, and that sometimes the deepest artistic statements arrive not through force, but through patience, restraint, and the willingness to leave space
for reflection.
Walking Along the Outlines Matthew Florianz explores memory, sound design,
and the discovery of music through intuition
For more than a quarter century, Dutch ambient composer Matthew Florianz has quietly cultivated a body of work that explores the intersection of memory, imagination, sound design, and storytelling. From his earliest recordings under the Liquid Morphine moniker through a long series of releases under his own name, Florianz has approached ambient music not simply as a collection of songs, but as environments to inhabit and experiences to explore. His music often blurs the line between the physical and the imagined, inviting listeners to find their own narratives within carefully constructed sonic landscapes.
His latest album, Funicular Prism, may be one of his most personal works to date. What began as a response to a period of upheaval and change gradually evolved into something far more reflective—a meditation on perspective, transformation, and the way time reshapes our understanding of both memories and emotions. Throughout its development, Florianz repeatedly revisited, dismantled, and rebuilt the material until the album revealed its true identity, a process that mirrors many of the themes explored within the music itself.
In the following conversation, Matthew discusses the evolution of his creative process, the influence of game audio on his work, the role of randomness and intuition in composition, and his ongoing fascination with sound as a vehicle for imagination. Along the way, he offers thoughtful insights into ambient music, listening, storytelling, and the challenge of knowing when a piece of music is truly finished. The result is a fascinating look inside the mind of an artist who continues to discover new paths by, as he describes it, "walking along the outlines" of the unknown.
Like many of my Substack ideas, this one arrived while I was taking my morning walk through the park. There is something about the rhythm of walking that allows thoughts to settle into place. On this particular morning, I found myself reflecting on a question that I never would have considered fifty-four years ago when I first began building my music collection. Back then, the answer would have seemed obvious. Today, it feels far less certain.
Where does the soul of music reside?
In the era of vinyl records, cassettes, 8-tracks and even the early years of CDs, most listeners never questioned the origins of the music they were hearing. We assumed that every album represented the efforts of musicians, songwriters, engineers, and producers working together to bring creative ideas into the world. Whether we loved or hated the final result, we understood that somewhere behind the recording were human beings investing time, effort, passion, and imagination into the process.
Between Sound and Silence: Tom Eaton at Work in the Studio
There’s a certain kind of artistry that rarely announces itself, yet quietly shapes the records we return to again and again. Tom Eaton has built a career in that space—behind the glass, in the margins between performance and permanence—where instinct, patience, and a deep understanding of emotional nuance guide the process as much as any piece of gear. His work, particularly through his long association with Will Ackerman and the legacy of the Windham Hill
sound,
has helped define a modern evolution of acoustic and ambient music that values intimacy as much as it does sonic scale.
What emerges in this conversation is not just a portrait of a producer, but of a listener first—someone attuned to the fragile moment where an idea becomes something real. Eaton speaks candidly about the balance between structure and spontaneity, about knowing when to step forward with a suggestion and when to disappear entirely, and about the delicate responsibility of helping artists reconnect with the emotional core of their work. It’s a role that often
borders
on the psychological as much as the technical, requiring equal parts empathy and clarity to guide a session toward something honest and lasting.
At the heart of Eaton’s approach is a belief that great records are less about perfection and more about connection—the subtle transfer of feeling from artist to listener that survives every microphone, cable, and waveform along the way.
Whether he’s shaping arrangements, refining dynamics, or simply creating the space for a performance to breathe, his fingerprints are there in ways that don’t call attention to themselves, but are impossible to ignore once you know where to listen. This interview offers a rare look into that world—the unseen architecture behind the music, and the craftsman who helps bring it into focus. Click here to read TomEaton'sinterviewabouthisworkinthestudio
Other AV's Q&A Features available on Ambient Visions
Some albums arrive at exactly the right moment in a listener's life. Others seem to wait patiently in the distance until the listener is ready for them. Patrick O'Hearn's Ancient Dreams, released in September 1985, falls into the second category for me. It appeared years before Ambient Visions was even a glint in my eye, back when my musical world still revolved primarily around rock, progressive rock, and the familiar landmarks of popular music. Yet when I eventually began exploring ambient, electronic, and instrumental music more deeply, Ancient Dreams became one of those records that quietly altered my understanding of what music could be.
Looking back nearly four decades later, it remains a remarkable debut—an album that helped define the emerging space between new age, ambient, electronic, jazz, and world music at a time when those categories were far less established than they are today. Released on the newly formed Private Music label, founded by former Tangerine Dream member Peter Baumann, Ancient Dreams introduced listeners to a musician whose artistic journey was already unusual.
There’s something fitting about the way Todd Mosby’s music seems to exist between places. His work has never belonged to a single tradition, but instead draws from a deep well of influences—Missouri bluegrass roots, the intricate discipline of North Indian classical music, and the openness of West Coast jazz. As the only guitarist within the Imrat Khani Gharana and the creator of the 18-string Imrat guitar, Mosby has spent decades shaping a language that
feels both grounded and exploratory. What he describes as “geotemporal” composition isn’t just a concept—it’s a reflection of a lifetime spent connecting landscapes, cultures, and states of mind through sound.
In this conversation, we sit down with Mosby alongside producer Jeffrey Weber to take a closer look at his latest release, American Heartland. As the second chapter in his ongoing musical travelogue, the album shifts its focus inward, trading the expansive horizons of the Southwest for something more rooted and personal. Recorded at The Village Studios and brought to life by a remarkable group of players—including Vinnie Colaiuta and Leland Sklar—the record
feels less like a departure and more like a return. It’s an album shaped by memory, place, and a deep respect for the musical soil Mosby first grew in.
What emerges from American Heartland is not just a tribute to geography, but to identity itself. There’s a quiet confidence in the way Mosby allows these influences to breathe—never forcing fusion, but letting it unfold naturally, as if these traditions were always meant to meet. In the discussion that follows, we explore how this balance is achieved, from the early influence of Ustad Imrat Khan to the collaborative spirit that defines the album’s production.
It’s a window into an artist still evolving, still searching, and still finding new ways to translate the landscapes within and around him into sound.
One of the things I have discovered over the years is that my mind rarely stops working when I am out on my morning walks. There is
something about walking through the park, moving at a steady pace with no
particular destination beyond completing the loop, that seems to free my
thoughts to wander wherever they want to go. More than a few articles have
started that way. Sometimes it is a question, sometimes an observation, and
occasionally a realization that arrives unexpectedly somewhere between the
trees and the walking path.
During this morning's walk recently, I found myself thinking
about music and how people often perceive my listening habits.
Because I run Ambient Visions and spend much of my time
writing about ambient, electronic, new age, and instrumental music, there is
sometimes an assumption that these genres now make up my entire musical world.
It is an understandable conclusion. After all, the website is dedicated to
those styles of music, and most of the albums, artists, and projects that I
discuss fall within that sphere.
The reality, however, is quite different.
My musical listening habits have not moved forward by
abandoning the music that came before. Instead, they have expanded to include
the instrumental music that eventually became the foundation of Ambient
Visions. The music I listen to today exists alongside the music that helped
shape me decades ago. One did not replace the other. They simply became part of
the same musical landscape.
The 1960s occupy a somewhat unique place in my listening
life. When I put on music from that decade, there is certainly an element of
nostalgia involved. Those songs connect me to childhood memories and to a
period of discovery when music first began to make a lasting impression. But
the music of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s is something different. Those decades
are woven into my musical DNA. They are not relics of the past. They remain
active, living parts of who I am.
Interview with Michael Stearns
by Michael Brückner on YouTube Part 1
Interview with Michael Stearns
by Michael Brückner on YouTube Part 2
________________________________________
About the Artist
Few artists have expanded the boundaries of ambient and electronic music as profoundly as Michael Stearns. Over a career spanning more than four decades, Stearns has created sound worlds that seem to exist somewhere between music, nature, science fiction, and spiritual exploration. His recordings invite listeners into vast sonic landscapes where traditional song structures give way to atmosphere, texture, and emotional immersion. For many listeners,
his work represents not simply a style of music but a way of experiencing space, time, and imagination through sound.
Emerging during the formative years of electronic and ambient music, Stearns developed a distinctive voice that combined synthesizers, world music influences, acoustic instruments, and innovative recording techniques. While many electronic artists focused on technology itself, Stearns used technology as a means of storytelling. His compositions often evoke deserts, oceans, mountains, and the mysteries of the cosmos, creating a cinematic sense of
scale long before ambient music became widely recognized as a genre. Albums such as Planetary Unfolding helped establish him as one of the most important architects of the modern ambient tradition.
Stearns' music has also reached audiences far beyond the ambient community through his work in film, television, and immersive multimedia projects. His soundtracks have accompanied documentaries, IMAX productions, and scientific explorations, demonstrating his unique ability to translate visual grandeur into musical form. Whether composing for the natural world, outer space, or the human spirit, he consistently creates works that blur the boundaries
between observation and meditation. His recordings often feel less like performances and more like journeys into unexplored territory.
Today, Michael Stearns remains a towering figure in ambient, electronic, and new age music. His influence can be heard in generations of artists who have followed his path toward expansive, immersive sound design. Yet his work continues to feel remarkably timeless, retaining the power to inspire wonder in both longtime listeners and newcomers alike. In an era often defined by speed and distraction, Stearns' music offers something increasingly rare: an invitation to slow
down, listen deeply, and explore the limitless landscapes that exist within sound itself.
AV's Upcoming, New and Notable Releases
Nothing Under Heaven
by Yulyseus
Sentient Being
by Steve Roach
When the Rain Learned to Sing (solo piano)
by Michael Whalen
Voyage to the Sun
by Bing Satellites
Meditations, Vol. 7
by Salt of the Sound
For Those Who Stay
by Hollie Kenniff
Loud Ambient EP1
by The Black Dog
Future Quiet
by Moby
Ambient Archives
by Arcane Trickster
Cellular Universe 4
by Eguana
The Vanishing Point
by Grant Beasley
While We Were There
by Larkenlyre
The Phantom Moon
by Peter Phippen / Ivar Lunde, Jr.
/Paulina Fae
For Brian Fechino, the journey into the deep textures of ambient music is a study in the philosophy of "serving the song". A veteran guitarist whose roots stretch back to the classic rock and blues scenes of Virginia, Fechino’s career has been defined by a relentless pursuit of musical communication over technical ego. This "parts-oriented" mindset was forged on high-energy stages alongside legends like Bob Dylan and the Allman Brothers, and refined
through a pivotal, humbling professional lesson in Nashville that transformed him into a highly sensitive listener within a larger ensemble.
Beyond his work as a performer, Fechino is a sophisticated architect of sound behind the glass at The Holler, where he serves as a producer and mixer. His transition into atmospheric textures was a natural expansion of a lifelong affinity for pioneers like Brian Eno and Robert Fripp, eventually leading to a long-standing partnership with Sherry Finzer and Heart Dance Records. This collaboration has allowed him to explore the "healing" side of ambient music—a
practice he defines through the physics of vibration—notably emulating the "air moving metal" of the flute with the tactile response of his own strings. In 2026, Fechino’s creative voice remains anchored in a "Holy Grail" technical standard, utilizing an extension of self that includes a '64 Fender Stratocaster, a '56 Gibson Les Paul, and the legendary Echoplex EP3 tape echo. Whether he is deconstructing chord structures for his solo projects like Of the Light or exploring the "forward
motion" of a groove with the trio Majestica, his focus remains on authenticity and the preservation of a signature tone.
We just wanted to make sure that the readers of AV were aware of the radio shows like Renee Blanche's Night Tides that feature ambient and new age music each and every Sunday night. There are so many choices out there to listen to music that it might be tempting to skip shows like Night Tides or Star's End or Galactic Travels or Hearts of Space in favor of just pulling up a playlist on Spotify and listening to it instead. Renee and Bill and
Chuck and Stephen have been spotlighting great ambient/new age music on their programs for many, many years now and I think listeners would be doing themselves a disservice by not taking advantage of all of that musical programming skills to help you on your journey of discovery into the vast catalog of ambient, new age and electronic music both past and present.
So perhaps you weren't aware of these programs or of the music that they play but AV is here to help. We are going to start featuring a radio show on the front page with links to the charts on AV's Charts page so you can get a feel for what is being played on these radio shows. You can then follow the links under each chart to learn more about the program, what time it's on and even links that will allow you to stream it live right there on
your computer. It doesn't get more convenient than that. To kick off these reminders we'll start with Night Tides which airs on Sunday nights just in time to decompress you before heading off to work on Monday morning. There is a small sample of the playlist just below and for the complete playlist just follow the link and begin your musical explorations. A lot of us grew up in an era when radio was our main music discovery venue. These programmers are simply carrying on a proud tradition of helping listeners
such as yourself find the music that you didn't even know you were looking for. Enjoy! Click
here to check out Night Tides Playlist
AV Goes to NYC
and reviews the
FLOW concert
AV's Concert Review
An Introvert Journeys to New York City and Goes With the
FLOW
As you may or may not know I tend to be a very introverted
person who is connected to a broad musical world via my Ambient Visions website
and rarely do I venture out into the really real world other than at a very
mundane level as I head off to work or to do a variety of equally unspectacular
chores that make up my daily life. On occasion though I am tempted to step out
of my ordinary introverted life and to step into that wider world which makes
introverts like me quiver in their boots and on an even rarer occasion I act on
those temptations and dive into that real world. October 6 was one of those days where the
benefit of venturing out overwhelmed my reservations and sent me off to the big
city to discover the joys of live music.
What, you might ask, would tempt an introvert such as myself
out of his seclusion and pull him to the big city? I’m glad you asked. I wanted
to go with the FLOW. I know that doesn’t sound like a compelling reason and
what the heck does it even mean anyway. The FLOW in this case is a new ensemble
group that was celebrating the release of their first album simply entitled
FLOW by performing as a group at the Weill Recital Hall at Carnegie Hall in New
York City which is a celebrated musical mecca of the performing arts in the
United States. The motivating factor here was the composition of the group and
the nature of the guest artists who would be performing with them on that
Friday night in New York City.